RESEARCHES IN BULGARIA

Prof. Drosinakis, Prof. Ignatov, Prof. Antonov, Prof. Marinov, 2001

In Bulgaria, the most famous in the field of physics, chemistry and biology of water are the researches of Ph.D. Milcho Yanbastiev and Professor Anton Stoyanov Antonov.

In 1977, the Biophotonics Laboratory was founded in Shumen by Milcho Yanbastiev, Ph.D. Normal and pathological radiation from a human body has been recorded there. Milcho Yanbastiev was the first to describe the influence of the spectra of various substances on the pharmacological action of some drugs. The laboratory is internationally recognized. Unfortunately, the scientist died at the age of 53 from a heart attack, and after his death the Laboratory was closed. Nevertheless, Bulgarian scientists continued to study the specific physical properties of water and study the possibility of their application in the vital status of man.

Prof. Anton Antonov is a famous Bulgarian biophysicist and was born in Sofia in 1934. In 1957 he graduated in physics at the Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”. In 1967, he defended his doctorate at the Moscow State University “M. V. Lomonosov” with a scientific degree PhD. There are joint publications with the inventor of the first Soviet copier, Prof. Vladimir Fridkin. He specialized in Leningrad (St. Petersburg) (1959) and Dubna (1963-1966). Thanks to his scientific achievements, Prof. Antonov was able to specialize in Ohio, USA (1974) and at the University of Göttingen, Germany (1975). In Göttingen, there are discussions with the Nobel Laureate Prof. Manfred Eigen (Prof. Manfred Eigen).

In the 1960s, Prof. Anton Antonov had joint research and scientific publications with Academician Georgi Nadjakov. Academician Nadjakov is the author of the first Bulgarian discovery – photoelectrets. With Academician Nadjakov and Dr. Gleb Zodorzhniy, he studied the conditions under which the photopolarization of photoelectrets is preserved in the dark (1961). At the Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Prof. Antonov led a biophysics group (1975-1980). Deputy dean at the Faculty of Physics of the SU (1972-1975). For many years he worked at the Southwest University “Neofit Rilski” in Blagoevgrad and at the Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS). Consultant of the Medical Biophysics Research Center (1996-2003).

Prof. Antonov is a Doctor of Physical Sciences DSc at the Southwest University “Neofit Rilski” (1995). The topic of the doctoral thesis is “Research on non-equilibrium processes in the area of the interphase boundary of distributed systems”. Prof. Antonov’s scientific activity is related to the research of processes in non-equilibrium systems. There are two main directions. The first is with water, as an information system. The second is with electric and bioelectric corona discharge in laboratory conditions. Prof. Antonov together with Associate Professor Liliana Yuskeselieva patented “Method for determining the degree of change in the structural state of liquids” (1983). In 1983, Prof. Antonov described a new physical effect. Discrete (“jump-like”) evaporation of a water droplet is demonstrated. Prof. Antonov’s spectral analysis methods are Nonequilibrium Energy Region Spectrum (NES) and Differential Nonequilibrium Energy Region Spectrum (DNES) (1995).

In the field of biophysics, together with Prof. Ignat Ignatov and Eng. Tatiana Galabova, she researches biophysical fields through contact (1990) and remote impact on water (1998). Patented in 2013 together with Eng. Zhivko Zhelev and Eng. Tatiana Galabova “Method for devices for assessing the biopsychophysical impact on a person of radio, television and media products”. In 2014, Prof. Anton Antonov and Eng. Tatyana Galabova published a book “Water is familiar and mysterious” (ISBN / ISSN 9789546809278), in which they describe the results of their research on water.

The writing of this book began more than 10 years ago. The original intention of the authors was to lay down in it the main results obtained by them since the beginning of their joint research activity on water in 1988 and continuing until now. In these studies, a simple physical model was used – an evaporating water drop lying on a hydrophobic (water-repelling) polymer film. Under these conditions, water represents an open thermodynamic system. It constantly loses substance due to evaporation. Already at the beginning of the 80s, a new physical effect was experimentally established by us – the wetting angle of the drop, which the latter makes with the substrate, decreases unevenly with time from some initial value to zero, when it has completely evaporated. The value distribution of wetting angles was called the water state spectrum, which contains a number of peaks. What is the cause of this phenomenon remains a mystery? In unraveling its secret, a breakthrough was made by the authors of the book in the early 1990s. Using Luck’s model for the two states in the structure of water (bonded and non-hydrogen-bonded water molecules) and the theoretical results of other authors on the surface tension of water, they were able to convert the spectrum of the state of water into a spectrum of distribution along energy of hydrogen bonds between water molecules, which was simply called the energy spectrum of water. It turned out that it is very sensitive and is changed by a number of factors: From the impact on it of soluble and insoluble substances, impact of physical fields (electromagnetic, vibrations, sound, light of artificial and natural origin).

In 2003, the Medical Biophysics Research Center (MBRC) received the Swiss Prize 2003. At the University of Bern, the prize was presented by Dr. Theo Locher to Prof. Anton Antonov and Eng. Tatyana Galabova.

In 2021, Prof. Ignat Ignatov, Assoc. Prof. Georgi Gluhchev, Dr. Nikolay Neshev and Prof. Dimitar Mekhanjiev created a model of a water cluster of 20 water molecules with a size of 0.822 nm. The effect of discrete evaporation of a water drop, which was discovered in 1983 by Prof. Antonov, is applied.
In 2021, Dr. Nikolay Neshev, Prof. Ignat Ignatov and Prof. Christos Drosinakis defined the “Transformational Information Entropy Method”. Prof. Antonov’s NES spectral analysis method was applied.

Prof. Antonov, Prof. Drosinakis, Assoc. Prof. Glukhchev, Prof. Ignatov, BAS, 2017

The team of organizers and scientists of the IC project expresses deep gratitude to the professor for his contribution to the study of IC technologies, and is also honored to have his book in the library with the professor’s personal inscription: